Although and though
We use although or though when we want to say that there is an unexpected contrast between what happened in the main clause and what happened in the adverbial clause:
Usamos although or though cuando queremos decir que hay un inesperado contraste entre lo que ha pasado en la principal clausula y lo que ha pasado en la frase adverbial.
She bought a car, although/though she was still too young to learn to drive, (or She was still too young to learn to drive, but she bought a car.)
Ella compro un coche, aunque era aun demasiado joven para aprender a conducir. ( o ella era aun demasiado joven para conducir, pero, sin embargo compro un coche)
We can usually use either although or though, but though is often less formal. Though, but not although, can also be used as an adverb to say that the information in a clause contrasts with information in a previous sentence:
Podemos usualmente usar o although o though, pero though es a menudo menos formal. Though, pero no although, puede también ser usado como un adverbio para decir que la información en un clausula contrasta con la información en una sentencia previa.
I eat most dairy products. I'm not keen on yoghurt, though, (not ...although.)
Yo como la mayoría de los productos lácteos. Aunque, no me gusta el yogur.
That cheese smells awful!' 'It tastes good, though, doesn't it?' (not ...although...)
Ese queso huele fatal, sabe bien, sin embargo, ¿o no?.
We can give special emphasis to an adjective or adverb by putting it before though or as, especially when followed by a linking verb such as be, appear, become, look, seem, sound, prove, etc. Notice that in this pattern you can't use although. Compare:
Podemos dar un énfasis especial a un adjetivo o verbo poniéndolo antes de though o as, especialmente cuando es seguido por un verbo como, aparecer, convertirse, mirar, parecer, sonar, etc... Sabiendo que en este caso no puedes usar although.
Although/Though it may seem extraordinary, London had less rain than Rome, and extraordinary though (or as) it may seem, London had less rain than Rome, (not extraordinary although it may seem...)
Aunque podría parecer extraordinario, London tenía menos lluvia que Roma.
Much as is used in a similar way before a clause, particularly to talk about how we feel about someone or something:
Much as I enjoyed the holiday, I was glad to be home. (= Although I enjoyed...)
Even though and even if:
We can use even though (but not 'even although') to mean 'despite the fact that' and even if to mean 'whether or not'. Compare:
Podemos usar (even though, pero no even although) para decir, a pesar de... y (even if) para decir, si o no. Comparación:
Even though Tom doesn't speak Spanish, I think he should still visit Madrid.
Aunque incluso Tom no habla Español, Creo que todavía debería visitar Madrid.
= Despite the fact that he doesn't speak Spanish
Apesar del hecho de que no habla Español.
i.e. The speaker knows that Tom doesn't speak Spanish
El hablante sabe que Tom no habla Español
Even if Tom doesn't speak Spanish, I think he should still visit Madrid.
Incluso si Tom no habla Español, creo que aun así debe visitar Madrid.
= Whether or not he speaks Spanish. Si habla o no Español
i.e. The speaker doesn't know definitely whether Tom speaks Spanish or not
El hablante no sabe definitivamente si Tom habla o no Español.
In spite of and despite
We can use in spite of + -ing with a similar meaning to 'although':
In spite of playing with ten men, we won easily. (= Although we played with ten men...)
Podemos usar (in spite of + ing) con un significado similar a (although) Apesar de jugar con diez hombre, ganamos fácilmente.
• In spite of being full of water, the boat sailed on. (= Although the boat was full...)
A pesar de estar lleno de agua, el barco zarpó.
In spite of can also be followed by a noun:
In spite of their poverty, the children seemed happy. (= Although they were poor...) o Notice that despite is often used instead of in spite of, particularly in written English:
A pesar de poder ser también seguido de un nombre:
A pesar de su pobreza, los niños parecían felices. (Aunque eran pobres . . .)
Despite falling / In spite of falling midway through the race, she won.
Despite and in spite of are never followed by a clause with a finite verb. So, for example, you can't say 'Despite / In spite of she fell midway through the race...'. However, you can use a
clause with a finite verb after the fact that:
Despite y in spite of nunca son seguidos por una clausula con un verbo finito.
Despite / In spite of the fact that she fell midway through the race, she won
Despite / A pesar del hecho de que calló en medio de la carrera ella ganó
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